Not universally. A steam or refresh function has the purpose and limits stated for that particular model; it should not be assumed to provide a full detergent wash.
Understanding this situation
Check whether the feature is intended for creasing, refreshing or another specific treatment. A garment can look smoother without its original soil being removed, and the fabric still needs permission for the process.
A useful next step
Read the exact programme description and use the permitted load. For stains or hygiene requirements, follow the appropriate textile and professional guidance rather than inferring a guarantee from the word steam. Record the selected mode when comparing results.
Manuals and supporting guidance
Model-specific instructions take priority. These references support the practical principles discussed here; they do not diagnose your appliance.