No. Operate with the required filter assembly correctly fitted. Removing it changes the intended debris-management arrangement and is not a way to improve washing.
Understanding this situation
A machine that starts with a missing filter has not thereby approved that configuration. Loose food or fragments can enter places not intended for them.
A useful next step
Use the correct cleaning and refitting instructions before restarting. If the filter is damaged or missing, obtain the appropriate replacement using the full model. Do not substitute household mesh or run an extra cycle to clear debris through the machine.
Manuals and supporting guidance
Model-specific instructions take priority. These references support the practical principles discussed here; they do not diagnose your appliance.